Acids & bases

Sulfuric acid · H2SO4

Density, dynamic viscosity and specific heat capacity of aqueous sulfuric acid as a function of concentration and temperature, computed from the Laliberté (2009) aqueous-electrolyte correlation. Tabulated over 5–75 wt% and 0–75 °C.

Also known as: Oil of vitriol, Battery acid, Dihydrogen sulfate
CAS number: 7664-93-9
Tabulated range: 5–75 wt% · 0–75 °C
Properties: Density · Dynamic viscosity · Specific heat capacity · Specific gravity · Degrees Baumé

At 50 wt% · 20 °C

reference snapshot

Density: 1396.7kg/m³
Density: 1.3967g/cm³
Specific gravity: 1.399
Viscosity: 3.827cP
Specific heat: 2510J/kg·K
°Baumé: 41.4heavy

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Read a value at any point

Move the sliders to interpolate between the tabulated grid points. The readout and chart never go outside the validated 5–75 wt% and 0–75 °C range, and every number is interpolated from the committed table below — nothing is computed from a chemistry model in your browser.

Interactive explorer

Values are interpolated between the tabulated grid points below — sliders stay within the validated 5–75 wt% and 0–75 °C range.

Concentration40 wt%

Temperature20 °C

Density: 1304.3 kg/m³
Density: 1.3043 g/cm³
Specific gravity: 1.307
Dynamic viscosity: 2.708 cP
Specific heat: 2819 J/kg·K
°Baumé (heavy): 34.0

Density (kg/m³) vs wt% H2SO4 at 20 °C — Sulfuric acid.

Why it matters

What the numbers tell you

At 50 wt% and 20 °C, aqueous sulfuric acid has a density of about 1397 kg/m³ (1.397 g/cm³) — roughly 1.40× the density of water. Its dynamic viscosity is about 3.827 cP, against roughly 1 cP for water at the same temperature, and its specific heat is about 2.51 kJ/kg·K — about 60% of water's 4.18 kJ/kg·K. Those differences carry straight into volume-to-mass conversions, pump and pipe sizing, and the heat needed to change its temperature.

Common grades

A few working strengths

Properties at 20 °C for a handful of concentrations in everyday use, read from the committed grid (interpolated between tabulated points where a grade falls between them). The full table follows below.

wt% H2SO4	°C	Density kg/m³	SG	Viscosity cP	Sp. heat J/kg·K	°Baumé
10	20	1066.9	1.069	1.232	3855	9.3
35	20	1260.9	1.263	2.339	2984	30.2
50	20	1396.7	1.399	3.827	2510	41.4
70	20	1608.4	1.611	10.40	2007	55.0

Sources

Where the numbers come from

Every value on this page is computed by a deterministic model — none is entered by hand. The generating method and the references it is checked against:

▸Laliberte, M. (2009). A Model for Calculating the Heat Capacity of Aqueous Solutions, with Updated Density and Viscosity Data. J. Chem. Eng. Data 54(6), 1725-1760. doi:10.1021/je8008123
▸Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 6th ed. (Perry & Green) - aqueous H2SO4 density table
▸CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 89th ed. (Lide, 2008-2009)

Model: thermo==0.4.0 (chemicals==1.3.0) - Laliberte 2009 electrolyte correlation · Generated 2026-06-07

Validation

Checked against a cited value

The model is cross-checked at one independently cited reference point. The page is published only because this check passes.

Property / point	Density · 50 wt% · 20 °C
Cited reference value	1395.1 kg/m3
Model computed	1396.72 kg/m3
Error vs reference	0.116% (tolerance 1%)

Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 6th ed.. Perry, R.H. & Green, D.W. (eds.), Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 6th ed., aqueous sulfuric acid density-concentration table: 50 wt% H2SO4 at 20 degC = 1.3951 g/cm3. Cross-checked against CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 89th ed. (Lide, 2008-2009), which tabulates the identical value.

Full tables

Every tabulated point

Rows are temperature (°C); columns are concentration (wt% H2SO4). Read the cell at the intersection. Specific gravity is density divided by the model water reference of 998.2 kg/m³ at 20 °C.

Density — kg/m³

°C \ wt%	5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50	55	60	65	70	75
0	1035.4	1072.0	1109.7	1148.7	1189.0	1230.7	1273.9	1318.7	1365.3	1413.6	1463.9	1516.4	1571.1	1628.3	1688.1
5	1035.0	1071.2	1108.5	1147.1	1186.9	1228.2	1271.0	1315.4	1361.5	1409.5	1459.5	1511.6	1566.1	1623.0	1682.7
10	1034.3	1070.1	1107.0	1145.1	1184.5	1225.4	1267.8	1311.8	1357.6	1405.3	1455.0	1506.9	1561.1	1618.0	1677.6
15	1033.3	1068.6	1105.1	1142.8	1181.9	1222.4	1264.4	1308.1	1353.6	1401.0	1450.5	1502.2	1556.3	1613.1	1672.7
20	1032.0	1066.9	1103.0	1140.4	1179.1	1219.2	1260.9	1304.3	1349.5	1396.7	1446.0	1497.6	1551.6	1608.4	1668.1
25	1030.5	1065.0	1100.7	1137.7	1176.1	1215.9	1257.4	1300.5	1345.5	1392.5	1441.6	1493.1	1547.1	1604.0	1663.8
30	1028.7	1062.9	1098.3	1134.9	1173.0	1212.5	1253.7	1296.6	1341.4	1388.2	1437.3	1488.7	1542.8	1599.7	1659.8
35	1026.8	1060.6	1095.6	1132.0	1169.8	1209.1	1250.0	1292.7	1337.3	1384.1	1433.0	1484.5	1538.7	1595.8	1656.1
40	1024.6	1058.1	1092.9	1128.9	1166.5	1205.5	1246.2	1288.8	1333.3	1379.9	1428.9	1480.4	1534.7	1592.0	1652.6
45	1022.3	1055.5	1090.0	1125.8	1163.0	1201.9	1242.4	1284.8	1329.3	1375.9	1424.8	1476.4	1530.9	1588.5	1649.5
50	1019.8	1052.7	1086.9	1122.5	1159.6	1198.2	1238.6	1280.9	1325.3	1371.8	1420.9	1472.6	1527.3	1585.1	1646.6
55	1017.2	1049.8	1083.8	1119.1	1156.0	1194.5	1234.8	1277.0	1321.3	1367.9	1417.0	1468.9	1523.8	1582.0	1643.9
60	1014.4	1046.8	1080.6	1115.7	1152.4	1190.7	1230.9	1273.0	1317.4	1364.0	1413.3	1465.3	1520.5	1579.1	1641.5
65	1011.5	1043.7	1077.2	1112.2	1148.7	1186.9	1227.0	1269.1	1313.4	1360.2	1409.6	1461.9	1517.4	1576.4	1639.4
70	1008.5	1040.5	1073.8	1108.6	1145.0	1183.1	1223.1	1265.2	1309.6	1356.4	1406.0	1458.5	1514.4	1573.9	1637.5
75	1005.3	1037.1	1070.3	1104.9	1141.2	1179.2	1219.2	1261.3	1305.7	1352.7	1402.5	1455.3	1511.5	1571.6	1635.8

Dynamic viscosity — cP (mPa·s)

°C \ wt%	5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50	55	60	65	70	75
0	1.932	2.127	2.377	2.675	3.021	3.431	3.937	4.590	5.462	6.666	8.370	10.85	14.55	20.23	29.24
5	1.648	1.823	2.045	2.307	2.611	2.968	3.404	3.962	4.702	5.716	7.141	9.196	12.24	16.86	24.12
10	1.425	1.582	1.781	2.014	2.283	2.596	2.976	3.458	4.092	4.955	6.158	7.880	10.41	14.22	20.13
15	1.246	1.389	1.568	1.777	2.016	2.293	2.627	3.047	3.596	4.336	5.362	6.819	8.939	12.11	16.97
20	1.101	1.232	1.394	1.583	1.797	2.044	2.339	2.708	3.187	3.827	4.709	5.952	7.747	10.40	14.45
25	0.982	1.101	1.249	1.420	1.614	1.836	2.099	2.425	2.845	3.404	4.168	5.237	6.768	9.017	12.41
30	0.882	0.992	1.128	1.284	1.460	1.660	1.896	2.186	2.558	3.048	3.715	4.640	5.957	7.874	10.74
35	0.798	0.900	1.025	1.168	1.329	1.511	1.723	1.983	2.313	2.747	3.331	4.138	5.278	6.924	9.363
40	0.726	0.821	0.936	1.069	1.216	1.382	1.575	1.808	2.104	2.489	3.005	3.713	4.705	6.128	8.218
45	0.665	0.753	0.860	0.983	1.119	1.271	1.446	1.658	1.923	2.267	2.725	3.349	4.218	5.456	7.259
50	0.611	0.694	0.794	0.908	1.034	1.173	1.334	1.526	1.766	2.074	2.483	3.036	3.801	4.884	6.448
55	0.565	0.643	0.736	0.842	0.959	1.088	1.235	1.411	1.628	1.906	2.272	2.765	3.442	4.394	5.759
60	0.524	0.597	0.685	0.784	0.893	1.013	1.149	1.309	1.507	1.759	2.088	2.529	3.131	3.971	5.169
65	0.488	0.557	0.640	0.733	0.835	0.946	1.072	1.219	1.400	1.629	1.926	2.322	2.860	3.605	4.660
70	0.456	0.521	0.599	0.687	0.783	0.886	1.003	1.139	1.305	1.513	1.783	2.140	2.622	3.286	4.220
75	0.428	0.489	0.563	0.646	0.736	0.833	0.941	1.067	1.220	1.411	1.656	1.979	2.413	3.007	3.837

Specific heat capacity — J/kg·K

°C \ wt%	5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50	55	60	65	70	75
0	4033	3843	3653	3465	3280	3099	2925	2757	2597	2446	2305	2175	2056	1949	1854
5	4026	3842	3657	3472	3289	3111	2937	2771	2612	2461	2320	2190	2070	1963	1868
10	4023	3845	3665	3483	3303	3126	2954	2788	2629	2479	2338	2207	2087	1979	1884
15	4024	3851	3674	3495	3317	3142	2971	2805	2647	2496	2355	2224	2104	1995	1899
20	4024	3855	3682	3505	3329	3155	2984	2819	2661	2510	2369	2237	2116	2007	1911
25	4024	3857	3685	3510	3335	3161	2991	2826	2668	2517	2376	2244	2123	2014	1917
30	4022	3855	3683	3508	3333	3159	2989	2824	2666	2516	2374	2243	2122	2013	1916
35	4018	3849	3675	3499	3323	3149	2978	2814	2655	2505	2364	2233	2113	2004	1908
40	4013	3839	3662	3484	3306	3131	2960	2795	2637	2487	2346	2216	2096	1988	1893
45	4005	3827	3645	3464	3284	3107	2936	2771	2613	2463	2323	2194	2075	1968	1874
50	3998	3813	3627	3443	3260	3082	2910	2745	2587	2438	2298	2170	2052	1946	1853
55	3992	3801	3611	3423	3238	3059	2886	2720	2562	2414	2275	2147	2030	1925	1833
60	3987	3792	3597	3407	3220	3040	2866	2699	2542	2393	2255	2128	2012	1908	1817
65	3985	3785	3588	3395	3207	3025	2851	2684	2526	2378	2240	2113	1998	1895	1804
70	3984	3781	3582	3388	3199	3016	2841	2674	2516	2368	2231	2104	1989	1886	1796
75	3985	3781	3580	3384	3194	3011	2836	2669	2511	2363	2225	2099	1984	1881	1791

Limitations

Before you use these numbers

▸Laliberte (2009) aqueous-electrolyte correlation for H2SO4-water. Tabulated for 5-75 wt% over 0-75 degC, the well-characterised liquid region of the correlation. Values are for preliminary design; verify against vendor data for critical service.
▸Values are tabulated only inside the 5–75 wt% and 0–75 °C ranges shown; the correlation is not extrapolated beyond them here.
▸Figures are for a pure sulfuric acid–water system. Commercial grades contain impurities (for example chloride in some caustic grades) that shift density and viscosity; check the supplier's data sheet for a specific product.
▸Use for preliminary design; verify for critical service.

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